List of Presidents of Portugal
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The complete list of Presidents of the Portuguese Republic consists of the 20 heads of state in the history of Portugal since the October 5, 1910 revolution that installed a republican regime. This list includes not only those persons who were sworn into office as President of Portugal but also those who de facto served as head of state since 1910. This is the case of Teófilo Braga who served as President of the Provisional Government after the republican coup d'état. Also Sidónio Pais, Mendes Cabeçadas, Gomes da Costa, as well as Canto e Castro and Óscar Carmona in their early months, weren't sworn into office as President of the Republic, usually being the President of the Ministry (Prime Minister), but de facto accumulation this functions with that of the Head of State. See the notes for more information.
The numbering reflects the uninterrupted time in office served by a single person. For example, Jorge Sampaio served two consecutive terms and is counted as the 19th president (not the 19th and 20th). Teófilo Braga served as the first and sole president of the Provisional Government, and therefore is not considered the first President, although he would serve again as head of state and be the 2nd president after Manuel de Arriaga's resignation. Bernardino Machado served two non-consecutive terms and is counted as both the 3rd and the 8th president. Because of this, the list below contains 20 presidencies, but only 19 presidents.
The current President of Portugal is Aníbal Cavaco Silva, winner of the 2006 presidential election.
The colors indicate the political affiliation of each President.
Contents |
Presidents
No party
Republican Democratic National Republican/Sidonist Evolutionist Republican/Liberal Republican
National Union/Popular National Action
Democratic Renovator Socialist Social Democratic
| Term | # | President | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provisional Government of the Republic (1910–1911) | ||||||
| - | - | .jpg) |
Teófilo Braga[1] | October 5, 1910 | August 24, 1911 | Republican |
| First Republic (1911–1926) | ||||||
| 1 | 1 |  |
Manuel de Arriaga | August 24, 1911 | May 26, 1915[R] | Republican later Democratic |
| 1 | 2 | |
Teófilo Braga [2] | May 29, 1915 | August 5, 1915 | Democratic |
| 2 | 3 |  |
Bernardino Machado | August 6, 1915 | December 5, 1917[C] | Democratic |
| 2 | 4 |  |
Sidónio Pais[3] | April 28, 1918 | December 14, 1918[A] | National Republican or "Sidonist" |
| 2 | 5 |  |
João do Canto e Castro[4] | December 14, 1918 | October 5, 1919 | National Republican or "Sidonist" |
| 3 | 6 |  |
António José de Almeida | October 5, 1919 | October 5, 1923 | Evolutionist Republican later Liberal Republican |
| 4 | 7 | Manuel Teixeira Gomes | October 6, 1923 | December 11, 1925[R] | Democratic | |
| 4 | 8 | |
Bernardino Machado | December 11, 1925 | May 31, 1926[C] | Democratic |
| Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) (1926–1932) | ||||||
| - | 9 | José Mendes Cabeçadas[5] | May 31, 1926 | June 19, 1926[C] | Military officer | |
| - | 10 |  |
Gomes da Costa[5] | June 19, 1926 | July 9, 1926[C] | Military officer |
| - | 11 | .jpg) |
Óscar Carmona[5][6] | July 9, 1926 | April 15, 1928 | Military officer |
| Estado Novo (New State) (1932–1974) | ||||||
| 1 | 11 | |
Óscar Carmona | April 15, 1928 | February 17, 1935 | Military officer since 1932, National Union |
| 2 | February 17, 1935 | February 8, 1942 | ||||
| 3 | February 8, 1942 | February 13, 1949 | ||||
| 4 | February 13, 1949 | April 18, 1951[D] | ||||
| 4 | - |  |
António de Oliveira Salazar[7] | April 18, 1951 | July 21, 1951 | National Union |
| 5 | 12 |  |
Francisco Craveiro Lopes | July 21, 1951 | August 9, 1958 | National Union |
| 6 | 13 |  |
Américo Tomás | August 9, 1958 | August 9, 1965 | National Union since 1968 Popular National Action |
| 7 | August 9, 1965 | August 9, 1972 | ||||
| 8 | August 9, 1972 | April 25, 1974[C] | ||||
| Third Republic (Democracy) (1974-today) | ||||||
| - | 14 |  |
António de Spínola[8] | April 25, 1974 | September 30, 1974[R] | Military officer |
| - | 15 | Francisco da Costa Gomes | September 30, 1974 | July 13, 1976 | Military officer | |
| 1 | 16 |  |
António Ramalho Eanes | July 14, 1976 | March 9, 1981 | Military officer |
| 2 | 16 | |
António Ramalho Eanes | March 9, 1981 | March 9, 1986 | Military officer later Democratic Renovator |
| 3 | 17 | _portrait.jpg) |
Mário Soares | March 9, 1986 | March 9, 1991 | Socialist |
| 4 | March 9, 1991 | March 9, 1996 | ||||
| 5 | 18 |  |
Jorge Sampaio | March 9, 1996 | March 9, 2001 | Socialist |
| 6 | March 9, 2001 | March 9, 2006 | ||||
| 7 | 19 | |
Aníbal Cavaco Silva | March 9, 2006 | Present | Social Democratic |
- Left office early:
- [A] Assassinated.
- [D] Died in office of natural causes.
- [R] Resigned.
- [C] Forced to resign due to a coup d'état'.
See also
- President of Portugal
- List of Presidents of Portugal by longevity
- List of Prime Ministers of Portugal
- List of Portuguese monarchs
- Prime Minister of Portugal
- Politics of Portugal
- History of Portugal
- History of Portugal (1910-1926)
- History of Portugal (1926-1932)
- History of Portugal (1932-1974)
- History of Portugal (1974-1986)
- History of Portugal (1986-2000)
- History of Portugal (2000-today)
- Timeline of Portuguese history
- Timeline of Portuguese history (First Republic)
- Timeline of Portuguese history (Second Republic)
- Timeline of Portuguese history (Third Republic)
Notes
- ↑ Teófilo Braga served as President of the Provisional Government, the de facto head of government and head of state, from the republican revolution of 1910 to the election of Manuel de Arriaga, the 1st President of Portugal.
- ↑ Teófilo Braga's biography in the "official page of the Presidency of the Portuguese Republic". http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=13&idi=3337. Retrieved February 17, 2008.
- ↑ After doing a coup d'état, Sidónio Pais became President of the Revolutionary Junta and later Prime Minister (President of the Ministry). He abolished the post of President of the Republic, assuming himself as the head of state as Prime Minister. He was assassinated in 1918.
- ↑ Canto e Castro was head of the Council of Ministers that served as the head of state of Portugal after the assassination of Sidónio Pais in 1918, from December 14 to December 16. He then became interim president until the election of António José de Almeida.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Mendes Cabeçadas, Gomes da Costa and Óscar Carmona were the heads of the revolutionary provisional governments during the year of 1926. Although not called Presidents, they were de facto heads of state.
- ↑ Óscar Carmona served initially as head of the revolutionary government after a counter-coup deposed Gomes da Costa. He was de facto head of state between July 9 and November 16, 1926. However he officially took office as President of the Republic on November 16, 1926. Six years later, in 1932, the Estado Novo was proclaimed and the National Union, the only legal party, was formed by António de Oliveira Salazar. Carmona joined the party and was the party's candidate for every presidential election (that were considered fraudulent) until 1951, when he died.
- ↑ António de Oliveira Salazar, the dictatorial President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) occupied the post of president interim between the death of Óscar Carmona and the election of Francisco Craveiro Lopes.
- ↑ Between the Carnation Revolution on April 25, 1974 and May 15 of the same year, António de Spínola was the head of the National Salvation Junta, being the de facto head of state and government. After May 15 Adelino da Palma Carlos became the Prime Minister, and Spínola continued as de jure head of state as President of the Republic.
References
- Jornal de Notícias (January-May 2006). Museu da Presidência da República/Jornal de Notícias. ed. Presidents de Portugal - Fotobiografias (1st ed ed.). Porto.
- "Portal da História". Biografias dos Presidentes. http://www.arqnet.pt/. Retrieved February 8, 2006.